Problem Solving - Competency
Definition: Problem solving involves identifying an issue and conducting a root cause analysis. This includes examining all contributing factors and collecting relevant information while considering the perspectives of others. Multiple solutions are developed through brainstorming, and these solutions are then evaluated for practicality, efficiency, and feasibility. Additionally, the needs and constraints imposed by the organization are balanced. The information gathered is analyzed to determine the best strategy for addressing the problem, which is then effectively implemented.
360-Feedback Assessments Measuring Problem Solving:
Survey 1 (4-point scale; Competency Comments)
Survey 2 (4-point scale; Competency Comments)
Survey 3 (5-point scale; Competency Comments)
Survey 4 (5-point scale; radio buttons)
Survey 5 (4-point scale; words)
Survey 6 (4-point scale; words)
Survey 7 (5-point scale; competency comments; N/A)
Survey 8 (3-point scale; Agree/Disagree words; N/A)
Survey 9 (3-point scale; Strength/Development; N/A)
Survey 10 (Comment boxes only)
Survey 11 (Single rating per competency)
Survey 12 (Slide-bar scale)
Survey 13 (4-point scale; numbers; floating anchors)
Survey 14 (4-point scale; N/A)
Self-Comments:
Do you have to complete a self-assessment or performance appraisal? If so, the
self-comments here may help.
What is Problem Solving?
Effective problem-solving involves a systematic approach, beginning with a clear definition of the issue and a thorough analysis of its root causes. This includes gathering comprehensive data and evaluating potential solutions. Success requires adaptability in considering diverse options, along with the ability to reconcile competing interests and criteria. Furthermore, problem-solving necessitates both creative thinking for innovative solutions and logical reasoning for effective implementation. Finally, it demands the execution of the chosen solution and the strategic allocation of resources to address the specific needs of the situation. Why is Problem Solving important in the workplace?
Problem Solving is a vital skill for several reasons:
- Productivity: Effective problem-solving ensures that these challenges are addressed promptly, leading to smoother workflows and enhanced productivity.
- Sustained Growth: Companies need to constantly evolve to stay competitive. Effective problem-solving allows them to address challenges such as market shifts, customer complaints, or operational inefficiencies, ultimately driving sustainable growth.
- Decision Making: Managers are often the ones who need to make decisions about how to address workplace problems. Having strong problem-solving abilities helps managers make informed, confident decisions that will positively impact their teams and organizations.
- Teamwork: Problem-solving often involves working with others to come up with solutions. This fosters teamwork, promotes collaboration, and strengthens relationships among colleagues.
- Cost Effectiveness: Identifying root causes and addressing them proactively can prevent costly mistakes or the need for expensive fixes down the line. Companies that practice strong problem-solving save resources and improve their bottom line.
- Resource Allocation: Managers often need to prioritize resources (time, budget, personnel). Problem-solving allows them to identify the most efficient and effective ways to use resources, ensuring that the companyâs objectives are met while adhering to constraints.
What are key aspects of Problem Solving?
- Defining the Problem
- Determining the Root Causes
- Gathering Information
- Considering Alternatives
- Being Flexible
- Balancing Criteria
- Brainstorming
- Logical Thinking
- Creative Thinking
- Evaluating Options
- Implementation
- Being Proactive
- Action Planning
- Resource Allocation
How can I improve my Problem-Solving Skills?
- Expand your analytical thinking: Reductive Analysis: Break larger problems into smaller ones to make them easier to tackle. Root Cause Analysis: Use brainstorming to generate a list of potential causes. Use the 5 Whys technique to identify the root cause.
- Enhance Critical Thinking: Practice: Analyze situations objectively by evaluating evidence impartially and from multiple viewpoints, and regularly engage in exercises that challenge your cognitive abilities. Expand your knowledge base: To gain broader perspectives and develop a habit of questioning assumptions and biases to enhance logical reasoning.
- Practice Brainstorming and Creativity: Outside the Box: Encourage diverse ideas thinking outside the box without judging their merits. Collaboration: Work with others to get different perspectives.
What questions could be included on a 360-degree survey that measures problem-solving skills?
When creating a questionnaire to measure problem solving, be sure to include items that measure the defining of the problem, gathering information about the problem, considering solutions, and implementation of the solution. The questionnaire items on this page will measure these aspects of problem solving. These questions are grouped into different facets of problem solving. When creating a 360-degree or other performance assessment, try to select one or two items from each group. Questions to include on your survey.
Problem DefinitionProblem Definition focuses on establishing a clear understanding of the issue, its impact, and the gap between expected and actual outcomes. This dimension highlights assessing the size and scope of the problem, clarifying objectives, recognizing discrepancies, and determining what needs to be fixed. It prioritizes framing and identification, ensuring stakeholders share a common understanding of the problem before solutions are pursued.
- Clearly articulates expected outcomes and the current situation to foster a shared understanding of the problem among stakeholders.
- Quantifies the discrepancy between expected outcomes and measures of performance.
- Pinpoints the issues that have arisen or are expected to arise.
- Establishes the issue(s) that have gone wrong or are about to go wrong.
- Assesses the size and impact of the problem to better understand where resources may be needed.
- Illuminates the problem by identifying the gap between expected outcomes and the current situation.
- Determines what needs fixed, its root causes, and the correct solutions to be implemented.
- Identifies the problems that have occurred or are likely to occur.
- Communicates goals and the present situation to ensure everyone understands the problem.
- Skilled at quickly diagnosing issues, identifying root causes, and developing and implementing effective solutions in the workplace.
- Clarifies objectives and the current scenario to help employees grasp the problem.
- Recognizes the challenges that have emerged or are about to emerge.
EffectivenessEffectiveness focuses on solving complex problems by addressing key challenges and ensuring solutions effectively bridge the gap between expected and actual outcomes. This dimension highlights tackling difficult problems, decision-making under uncertainty, resolving operational issues, and ensuring solutions measurably improve performance. It prioritizes problem resolution and impact assessment, ensuring solutions truly address the core issue.
- Able to solve problems that involve political biases, conflicting evidence, and/or lack of data.
- Focuses solutions on closing the gap between expected outcomes and the current situation.
- Solves difficult problems with ease.
- Effective in solving difficult problems.
- Resolves production and scheduling issues/problems.
- Effective problem-solver
- Effective in solving problems.
- Is a good problem solver and decision maker.
- Utilizes concrete measures of the gap between expected and observed outcomes so that the effectiveness of solutions can be determined.
Root Cause AnalysisRoot Cause Analysis emphasizes digging deeper into the underlying factors that contribute to the problem, ensuring resolutions address the root issue rather than just symptoms. This dimension centers on isolating the main problem, conducting thorough investigations, pinpointing contributing factors, and ensuring corrective actions target the true source of the issue. It prioritizes diagnosis and resolution, ensuring problems are fully understood and effectively solved.
- Conducts a meticulous investigation of incidents to ensure no possible cause is overlooked.
- Able to solve problems at root cause rather than at symptom level.
- Understands the root causes of problems.
- Solves problems at root cause rather than at symptom level.
- Conducts a thorough and careful analysis of the underlying causes of problems.
- Pinpoints the origins of the issue to tackle the root causes and solve the problem at its source.
- Diagnoses the root causes of problems.
- Actively seeks the root cause of a problem.
- Is able to isolate the main problem.
- Ability to solve problems at root cause rather than at symptom level.
- Closely examines all the contributing factors to identify the root cause of issues.
Information Gathering/CollectionInformation Gathering/Collection focuses on systematically collecting and analyzing relevant data to fully understand a problem before considering solutions. This dimension highlights conducting interviews, identifying trends, asking targeted questions, determining relevant facts, and soliciting input to reduce oversight. It prioritizes fact-finding and thorough examination, ensuring that decisions are based on accurate and comprehensive information.
- Gathers information on the problem and each solution, covering costs, benefits, risks, feasibility, and business impact.
- Analyzes systems and processes for opportunities to gain efficiency.
- Gets accurate information about what went wrong.
- Gathers input from various team members helps to ensure that the problem is fully understood from all angles, reducing the risk of oversight.
- Infers important trends from data.
- Collects relevant information and data.
- Asks the right questions to size up or evaluate situations.
- Able to conduct a thorough Critical Incident interview.
- Solicits information about the problem from team members.
- Adept at conducting an exhaustive Critical Incident interview.
- Gathers input from staff for use in problem solving.
- Determines what facts are relevant.
- Asks the "right" questions to size up or evaluate situations.
- Accurately evaluates the implications of new information or events.
Considers Alternate PerspectivesConsiders Alternate Perspectives emphasizes evaluating different viewpoints, balancing diverse needs, and assessing multiple solutions before selecting the best course of action. This dimension centers on comparing options, documenting decision-making processes, recognizing varying stakeholder priorities, and ensuring business objectives align with feasible solutions. It prioritizes critical thinking and inclusivity, ensuring a well-rounded approach that accounts for varying perspectives and optimal outcomes.
- Evaluates alternative courses of action.
- Clearly documents the decision-making process, including the evaluation criteria, the scores or rankings of each solution, and the reasons for selecting the chosen option.
- Open to the suggestions of others when working on a problem.
- Able to balance the needs of different people in a solution to a problem.
- Able to meet the needs of different constituents in the solution of a problem.
- Has the ability to compare "best practice" performance to current situation and affect improvements.
- Selects the solution that best addresses the problem's objectives, aligns with business priorities, and is feasible to implement.
- Acknowledges the unique viewpoints and perspectives of other team members to lead to more innovative and comprehensive solutions.
- Evaluates whether the necessary resources (budget, personnel, time, technology) are available to implement each solution.
- Creates a table or chart to compare the solutions side-by-side across all evaluation criteria.
FlexibilityFlexibility focuses on adapting to changing circumstances, using a broad range of problem-solving techniques, and remaining open to new approaches as the situation evolves. This dimension highlights shifting strategies when needed, transitioning seamlessly between ideas, maintaining effectiveness in uncertain situations, and modifying solutions to fit dynamic conditions. It prioritizes adaptability and creative problem-solving, ensuring individuals can pivot in response to challenges.
- Is comfortable with uncertainty and can work effectively even when all the information is not yet available.
- Quickly adapts and changes course as new information emerges or the situation evolves.
- Possesses a broad skill set and toolkit to address different challenges effectively.
- Is a versatile problem-solver with a wide range of tools and techniques at their disposal to apply them appropriately to different situations.
- Effectively uses a variety of problem-solving/analytical approaches to address challenges within the Area.
- Modifies approaches and solutions to fit changing circumstances or unexpected obstacles.
- Utilizes a variety of approaches and tools to tackle issues in various contexts.
- Adapts to different problems by applying a wide range of strategies and techniques.
- Demonstrates flexibility in problem-solving with a diverse array of methods and resources suited to various scenarios.
- Is smooth and seamless in transitions between different ideas and approaches, avoiding getting stuck in one line of thinking.
Balances Criteria/solutionsBalances Criteria/Solutions emphasizes weighing multiple constraints, assessing feasibility, and ensuring chosen solutions align with key objectives while minimizing risks. This dimension centers on evaluating trade-offs, analyzing benefits and drawbacks, measuring practicality, and ensuring solutions satisfy various competing requirements. It prioritizes critical assessment and strategic decision-making, ensuring problems are solved optimally under multiple conditions.
- Solves problems that have difficult or conflicting constraints.
- Able to solve problems with multiple criteria that need to be met.
- Analyzes the potential success of proposed solutions.
- Assesses the extent to which proposed solutions would lead to success.
- Solves problems that require several different criteria or constraints.
- Weighs the pros and cons of proposed solutions.
- Assessing whether the proposed solutions are practical and achievable.
- Analyzes both the potential risks and benefits associated with each proposed solution.
BrainstormingBrainstorming focuses on collaborative idea generation, leveraging diverse perspectives, and refining potential solutions through open discussions. This dimension highlights encouraging participation, facilitating structured sessions, assessing feasibility, and developing well-rounded ideas in a group setting. It prioritizes team-based creativity and exploration, ensuring that multiple voices contribute to shaping solutions.
- Allows team members to build on each other's ideas, leading to the development of more refined and robust solutions.
- Brings together individuals with different backgrounds, skills, and viewpoints, brainstorming harnesses a wide range of insights.
- Generates a wide range of possible solutions.
- Generates alternative solutions to problems and challenges.
- Identifies and assesses all potential responses to a problem.
- Values the diversity of thought that can uncover unique angles and approaches that might not emerge in a more homogeneous group.
- Chooses a diverse group with relevant expertise and perspectives for a brainstorming session.
- Creates an environment where team members feel free to share their thoughts and ideas without fear of criticism.
- Facilitates rapid development and exchange of ideas.
- Strengthens team cohesion and communication to facilitate effective brainstorming sessions.
- Uses a structured process to evaluate ideas generated from a brainstorming session based on their feasibility, cost, potential impact, and alignment with business goals.
Logical ThinkingLogical Thinking focuses on analyzing information, considering alternatives, and using structured reasoning to reach the best possible solution. This dimension highlights applying judgment based on relevant data, identifying patterns using analytical tools, and employing systematic techniques like Gantt charts to support decision-making. It prioritizes rational analysis and structured problem-solving, ensuring that conclusions are based on logic, evidence, and careful evaluation.
- Uses tools like Gantt charts and resource calendars can help visualize and manage solutions.
- Solves problems using logic and insight.
- Analyzes the information available, considers alternatives, makes the best choice available.
- Makes judgments based upon relevant information.
- Uses charting tools to identify patterns in data.
Creative/Innovative ThinkingCreative/Innovative Thinking emphasizes developing unique, inventive solutions by challenging traditional assumptions and finding new ways to approach problems. This dimension centers on breakthrough thinking, questioning norms, optimizing limited resources, and generating ideas that may not follow conventional patterns. It prioritizes individual ingenuity and unconventional problem-solving, ensuring solutions push boundaries and open new opportunities.
- Able to develop innovative solutions to problems.
- Effective in developing innovative products and services.
- Generates innovative and practical ideas and approaches.
- Uses creative thinking to develop new solutions to problems.
- Ability to develop innovative solutions to problems.
- Finds creative ways to get things done with limited resources.
- Develops innovative solutions to problems.
- Identifies fresh approaches and shows a willingness to question traditional assumptions.
- Develops creative solutions.
Evaluation of OptionsEvaluation of Options focuses on assessing possible solutions, comparing alternatives, and selecting the most effective course of action based on established criteria. This dimension highlights cost-benefit analysis, feasibility assessments, impact measurement, and structured evaluation methods to ensure the best solution is chosen. It prioritizes decision-making and optimization, ensuring that choices are carefully analyzed and aligned with strategic goals.
- Analyzes alternatives and selects a course of action.
- Compares analogous situations transferring insights to new situations.
- Identifies potential courses of action.
- Conducts a cost-benefit analysis for each solution to determine its financial viability and potential return on investment.
- Selects the solution best aligned with the department's goals.
- Uses a consistent method to evaluate each potential solution against the defined criteria.
- Evaluates potential solutions based on cost, feasibility, and probability of success.
- Determines the impact of recommended solutions.
- Compares the proposed solutions against each other and against any existing solutions to determine which one is likely to yield the best results.
- Decides which alternative solutions would have the greatest chance of success.
ImplementationImplementation emphasizes executing solutions in a structured manner, coordinating tasks, and ensuring all necessary steps are carried out to bring a plan to completion. This dimension centers on assigning responsibilities, developing schedules, gathering resources, establishing protocols, and ensuring solutions are properly integrated into workflows. It prioritizes execution and operational success, ensuring that problem-solving efforts translate into actionable results.
- Implements actions as planned to address the problems.
- Implements effective solutions to critical problems.
- Implements solutions and evaluates results.
- Develops and implements clear guidelines and protocols for handling tasks.
- Creates a project plan to implement the solution and collects all required resources.
- Establishes a timeline for implementation and organizes the needed supplies and equipment.
- Develops a schedule and gathers the necessary materials and tools.
- Assigns individuals the responsibility for completing separate phases of the implementation.
- Implements solutions to solve the problem.
- Sets realistic deadlines for each action step and for the overall completion of the solution.
Proactive/Risk AssessmentProactive/Risk Assessment emphasizes anticipating potential issues, implementing preventative strategies, and reducing uncertainties before they escalate into problems. This dimension centers on identifying risks, fostering efficiency improvements, ensuring proper training, maintaining equipment, and proactively adjusting processes. It prioritizes prevention and preparedness, ensuring teams address potential challenges early rather than reacting to them later.
- Invests in training and development programs to equip team members with the skills and knowledge they need to identify and solve problems effectively.
- Ensures that team members have the necessary training and are informed about best practices and procedures.
- Takes preventative action to address issues before they become difficult to manage.
- Fosters a willingness to experiment and try new things, even if there's a risk of failure.
- Anticipates potential problems dealing with them in advance.
- Identifies and analyzes potential risks in advance.
- Routinely checks and maintains equipment, systems, or processes to catch any signs of wear or inefficiency before they turn into bigger issues.
- Encourages team members to suggest ways to enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and prevent potential problems.
Action PlanningAction Planning focuses on structuring and organizing the steps needed to implement a solution, ensuring clarity in sequencing, timelines, and stakeholder engagement. This dimension highlights establishing measurable goals, determining dependencies, setting deadlines, assigning responsibilities, and maintaining communication channels to keep implementation on track. It prioritizes execution strategy and coordination, ensuring that every step of the problem-solving process is clearly outlined and properly managed.
- Establishes the sequence of tasks, taking into account dependencies.
- Sets up clear communication (e.g., regular meetings, email updates, project management software) to keep employees updated of action plans.
- Determines the order in which the action steps need to be completed including steps that may be dependent on others.
- Create a timeline for completing the action steps including deadlines for each task and milestones to be achieved.
- Identifies all stakeholders who need to be kept informed about the action plan and its progress.
- Plans the order of actions, considering any interdependent steps.
- Establish clear, measurable goals that the action plan aims to achieve.
- Ensures that team members stay on track to implementing the solution and address any issues that arise.
- Identifies and assembles the necessary resources (e.g., budget, tools, equipment, personnel) required to implement the action plan.
- Clearly communicates the action plan to all employees, including team members, management, and other affected parties.
Resource AllocationResource Allocation emphasizes identifying, distributing, and optimizing financial, human, and material resources to support problem-solving efforts effectively. This dimension centers on assigning personnel based on expertise, ensuring budget efficiency, prioritizing high-impact areas, reducing waste, and maximizing resource effectiveness. It prioritizes optimization and strategic investment, ensuring that resources are used wisely to support the success of the action plan.
- Establishes realistic budgets consistent with strategic objectives
- Identifies the specific resources required to tackle different aspects of a problem and then assigns the resources where they'll have the greatest impact.
- Optimizes resource utilization, reducing waste and maximizing efficacy of the solutions implemented.
- Ensures that the right resources are available when and where they are needed, speeding up the problem-solving process.
- Prioritizes which problems to address issues based on their potential impact on the business.
- Assigns the right people with the right skills to the right tasks taking into account experience, expertise, and availability.
- Strategically distributes resources (people/time/money) to maximize chances of solving the problem efficiently and effectively.
- Allocates resources strategically to areas with higher risk potential.
- Ensures that critical aspects of the solution to the problem are well-supported and less likely to encounter issues.
- Maximizes the return on investment in problem-solving efforts by using resources wisely.
Monitoring and AdjustingMonitoring and Adjusting focuses on tracking performance, identifying deviations from expected outcomes, and refining solutions to maintain effectiveness over time. This dimension highlights ongoing data collection, assessing impact, adjusting strategies based on feedback, and using analytics to detect emerging issues. It prioritizes evaluation and continuous improvement, ensuring that solutions remain aligned with business goals and adapt as necessary.
- Creates systems for gathering and acting on feedback from employees, customers, and stakeholders.
- Conducts ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure the solution's continued success and to catch any unintended consequences.
- Implements the ongoing tracking of key metrics and indicators to ensure the solution continues to perform as expected.
- Provides a comprehensive assessment of the solution's overall effectiveness, efficiency, and impact, often including both quantitative and qualitative data.
- Continuously monitors performance after implementing a solution to ensure it remains effective.
- Uses data analytics to identify patterns and trends that may indicate emerging issues.
- Gathers relevant data to track the solution's performance and identify any trends or patterns.
- Selects operating indicators to track organizational performance over time and communicates current status to the organization
- Measures the solution's impact on the desired outcomes and identifyies any deviations from the expected performance.
- Links process improvement and results improvement
ResponsiveResponsive emphasizes reacting quickly to evolving challenges, adjusting strategies when necessary, and maintaining adaptability under pressure. This dimension centers on making swift adjustments based on new information, responding effectively to unforeseen issues, optimizing resource use, and remaining composed in high-stakes situations. It prioritizes agility and real-time decision-making, ensuring that solutions remain effective despite unexpected circumstances.
- Regularly assesses the situation and the effectiveness of solutions.
- Is flexible and adjusts the solution as needed based on the monitoring data and feedback received.
- Flexible and willing to adjust their approach when new information or changes in the environment arise.
- Leverages available resources efficiently and is quick to find alternative solutions when obstacles occur.
- Reacts to unforeseen consequences of implemented solutions to problems.
- Reacts to problems as they arise.
- Able to respond swiftly to keep the problem-solving process moving forward without unnecessary delays.
- Remains calm and composed under pressure to think clearly and respond appropriately to unforeseen challenges.
CollaborationCollaboration emphasizes engaging stakeholders, fostering teamwork, and securing buy-in to ensure collective problem-solving and decision-making. This dimension centers on encouraging information sharing, integrating employee feedback, involving teams in planning, and building consensus before implementing solutions. It prioritizes teamwork and shared ownership, ensuring that all participants are invested in the success of the problem-solving process.
- Involves the department in the problem-solving process to foster a sense of collective responsibility and investment in the outcome.
- Involves team members in conversations about the problem to improve communication and teamwork, which helps in finding and applying the best solutions.
- Works cooperatively with others to solve problems.
- Involves team members in discussions and planning to gain their endorsement before rolling out a new solution.
- Secures the employees' agreement and commitment prior to implementing changes to prevent resistance.
- Encourages the sharing of information, concerns, and ideas to prevent problems from being overlooked.
- Gets buy-in from constituents before implementing solutions.
- Engages employees in the decision-making process to ensure their support before introducing a solution to a major problem.
PersistencePersistence emphasizes maintaining determination, overcoming setbacks, and continuously working toward a solution despite challenges. This dimension centers on resilience, perseverance, embracing difficulties as opportunities, staying motivated, and refusing to give up on complex problems. It prioritizes tenacity and sustained effort, ensuring individuals push forward until an optimal resolution is achieved.
- Keeps a positive outlook and perseveres through challenges.
- Maintains a strong and determined attitude in the face of difficulties.
- Demonstrates unwavering persistence even when facing setbacks.
- Works extra as needed to find the best solution to a problem.
- Stays positive and driven despite obstacles.
- Bounces back from setbacks and learn from failures, adapting and adjusting approaches as needed.
- Remains resilient and motivated when encountering challenges or setbacks.
- Works diligently until the problem is solved.
- Assumes new and difficult challenges and manages them as opportunities.