Questionnaire Items Measuring Employee Relations
Definition: Employee Relations is the strategic practice of fostering trust, fairness, and mutual respect between employees and management through consistent communication, collaborative working relationships, and equitable interactions that reflect shared organizational values. It encompasses supportive leadership, transparent decision-making, and accessible management that uphold procedural fairness, legal compliance, and thoughtful engagement across performance, discipline, grievances, and conflict resolution. By valuing autonomy, recognizing contributions, and aligning policies with evolving needs, Employee Relations strengthens morale, promotes collective bargaining integrity, and ensures a work environment where employees feel heard, empowered, and respected.
Employee Relations, as defined, is not just a function—it's a foundational competency for effective management. Here's how it translates into a core managerial capability:
- Strategic Leadership Through Employee Relations
Managers serve as the primary conduit between organizational values and employee experience. By embodying the principles of Employee Relations, they:- Foster Trust and Fairness: Managers build credibility by consistently applying policies, honoring commitments, and ensuring equitable treatment. This trust becomes the bedrock of team cohesion and psychological safety.
- Model Respectful Engagement: Through active listening, inclusive dialogue, and empathy, managers create environments where employees feel valued and respected--especially during performance reviews, disciplinary actions, or conflict resolution.
- Operational Excellence and Consistency
Employee Relations equips managers to:- Navigate Complex Situations: Whether handling grievances, performance issues, or interpersonal conflict, managers apply procedural fairness and legal compliance to ensure thoughtful, transparent outcomes.
- Maintain Equitable Interactions: Managers align their decisions with shared values, avoiding favoritism and reinforcing a culture of integrity and consistency.
- Communication and Accessibility
Managers practicing strong Employee Relations:- Ensure Transparent Decision-Making: They explain the "why" behind decisions, reducing ambiguity and increasing buy-in.
- Remain Accessible and Responsive: By being approachable and open to feedback, they reinforce a culture of mutual respect and continuous improvement.
- Empowerment and Morale Building
Employee Relations as a competency enables managers to:- Recognize Contributions: They celebrate achievements and provide meaningful feedback, reinforcing motivation and morale.
- Support Autonomy and Growth: Managers encourage initiative and align opportunities with evolving employee needs, fostering empowerment and retention.
- Alignment with Organizational Strategy
Managers who excel in Employee Relations:- Bridge Strategy and Culture: They translate organizational goals into team-level behaviors, ensuring alignment and shared purpose.
- Promote Collective Bargaining Integrity: In unionized environments, they uphold respectful negotiation practices and honor agreements, reinforcing institutional trust.
360-Feedback Assessments Measuring Employee Relations:
Survey 1 (4-point scale; Competency Comments)
Survey 2 (4-point scale; Competency Comments)
Survey 3 (5-point scale; Competency Comments)
Survey 4 (5-point scale; radio buttons)
Survey 5 (4-point scale; words)
Survey 6 (4-point scale; words)
Survey 7 (5-point scale; competency comments; N/A)
Survey 8 (3-point scale; Agree/Disagree words; N/A)
Survey 9 (3-point scale; Strength/Development; N/A)
Survey 10 (Comment boxes only)
Survey 11 (Single rating per competency)
Survey 12 (Slide-bar scale)
Survey 13 (4-point scale; numbers; floating anchors)
Survey 14 (4-point scale; N/A)
360-Degree Feedback Questionnaire Items
By integrating Employee Relations into their daily practice, managers become architects of inclusive, values-driven environments where employees feel secure and aligned with the vision of the organization. Managers who are strong in Employee Relations will proactively address concerns before they escalate, ensuring that performance management, discipline, and conflict resolution are handled with transparency and procedural fairness. This competency enables managers to recognize individual contributions while balancing collective needs, reinforcing both morale and accountability. Ultimately, Employee Relations skills empower managers to lead with empathy and clarity, cultivating resilient teams that thrive through change and collaboration.
CommunicationCommunication within Employee Relations emphasizes the flow of information--how, when, and with what clarity leaders convey updates, decisions, and expectations to employees. It involves proactive outreach, transparency about changes, and creating channels where employees feel safe to offer feedback. Strong communication ensures that employees are consistently informed, heard, and included in procedural developments, fostering a sense of empowerment and organizational alignment.
- Communicates regularly with employees.
- Ensures that procedural changes are communicated in advance and implemented with employee input.
- Holds quarterly and annual gatherings to keep everyone up-to-date.
- Ensures that employees are well informed about any changes.
- Ensures that employees feel safe and empowered to share candid, detailed feedback to the company.
- Is open to hearing from all sides before making a decision.
- Maintains good communication with employees.
Appreciative and RespectfulAppreciative and Respectful focuses on the mindset and interpersonal behaviors that affirm the value of individual employees. It emphasizes empathy, recognition, and advocacy--treating staff with dignity, impartiality, and genuine consideration in daily interactions and decisions. Leaders who embody this dimension actively appreciate contributions, seek employee input, and demonstrate a commitment to each personâs success, reinforcing the belief that employees are vital assets to the organization.
- Is committed to the success of employees.
- Views employees as a valuable asset of the Company.
- Appreciates and values work by employees in the department.
- Appreciates the work of staff/employees.
- Values employee input.
- Is an advocate for employees--looking out for their best interests.
- Appreciate the work of others.
- Treats staff with impartiality and empathy in day-to-day management decisions.
Working RelationshipsWorking Relationships centers on collaboration and alignment between employees, management, and labor representatives in pursuit of shared goals. It reflects the structural and cultural efforts to build trust, foster cooperation, and ensure that all parties are working together toward the company's mission and priorities. This dimension involves facilitating dialogue, resolving issues through mutual understanding, and cultivating a workplace where collective problem-solving and strategic alignment are the norm.
- Committed to ensuring Labor and Management are working together.
- Acts in ways that reflects our shared values and organizational priorities.
- Facilitates Labor and Management working together to achieve the Company vision.
- Works with employees to obtain win-win resolutions.
- Is willing to listen to employee suggestions on how to improve various aspects of the work.
- Creates a good working relationship between management and employee representatives.
- Fosters an environment where employees try to be helpful to one another.
- Works with employees toward the same goals.
- Helps labor and management pull together toward the same objectives.
TrustTrust in Employee Relations centers on the relational and cultural foundation that enables cooperation, shared accountability, and confidence in leadership. It reflects how employees perceive the integrity, transparency, and strategic alignment of decisions made by management, and whether they feel their contributions are respected and their interests considered. Trust is cultivated through consistent behaviors--such as involving employees in goal-setting, modeling values-based decision-making, and fostering mutual respect between labor and managementâthat signal reliability and reinforce belief in the organization's long-term vision.
- Demonstrates transparency and strategic alignment, helping employees trust that leadership decisions support the company's long-term success.
- Creates clarity and trust by involving employees in goal-setting and showing how leadership choices reinforce shared success.
- Has a mutual trust and respect for employees.
- Creates an atmosphere of mutual trust among employees in the department.
- Works to ensure that Management and Labor trust each other.
- Trusts team members to manage their time, priorities, and resources in alignment with the overall department goals.
- Consistently demonstrates trust, cooperation, and shared accountability.
- Makes decisions trusted by the employees.
- Models decision-making that visibly reflects company priorities, fostering employee trust in leadership's commitment to organizational success.
- Fosters a workplace where employee relations are built on trust, fairness, and equality.
- Makes leadership decisions that are guided by a clear long-term vision and grounded in organizational values.
- Trusts the decisions and actions made by employees.
- Entrusts employees with important responsibilities.
Fairness/EquityFairness/Equity in Employee Relations refers to the everyday behaviors, attitudes, and interpersonal treatment that reflect dignity, impartiality, and respect toward all employees. It's about how individuals are treated in real time--whether they feel valued, respected, and considered in their interactions with managers and peers. This dimension emphasizes empathy, professionalism, and equitable treatment across roles and departments, fostering trust and psychological safety through consistent, thoughtful engagement.
- Builds trust by treating employees with fairness, dignity, and genuine consideration.
- Is committed to treating employees fairly.
- Treats employees fairly.
- Consistently demonstrates impartiality and respect in managing employee relations.
- Treats employees and coworkers fairly and with respect.
- Conducts employee relations in a fair and equitable manner.
- Treats employees fairly in the department.
- Treats team members with respect, empathy, and professionalism in daily interactions.
- Demonstrates a balance of fairness, respect, and attentiveness to employee well-being.
- Treats employees at the Company equally and with respect.
- Engages employees with equitable treatment and respectful consideration.
- Maintains fair and equitable treatment in all aspects of employee relations.
- Treats staff fairly and with thoughtfulness.
InteractionsInteractions focus on the quality and tone of day-to-day exchanges between individuals--especially between management, staff, and union representatives. This dimension highlights fairness, respect, and equity in personal engagement, ensuring that every conversation or encounter reflects thoughtful consideration and mutual dignity.
- Demonstrates consistent fairness and equity in interactions with union representatives.
- Maintains positive interactions between members of the team.
- Interactions are guided by principles of equity, respect, and care.
- Shows fairness and respect in their interactions with employees.
- Demonstrates fairness and thoughtfulness in interactions with staff.
- Has good interactions with employees.
- Interactions are guided by principles of fairness, transparency, and equality.
SupportSupport emphasizes the relational and adaptive efforts leaders make to empower employees in their day-to-day work. It's about removing barriers, tailoring resources to individual needs, and fostering a culture where employees feel heard, valued, and equipped to succeed. Support brings "leadership" to life through advocacy, flexibility, and personalized encouragement that strengthens morale, collaboration, and professional growth.
- Offers employees flexibility and accommodations when needed.
- Provides the tools, training, and resources necessary for employees to succeed in their roles.
- Gives employees full support.
- Creates an environment where employees feel comfortable seeking help or offering feedback to their peers.
- Gives employees the support they need to do their job.
- Recognizes individual strengths and tailors support to help employees grow professionally.
- Collaborates effectively, valuing each employee's contributions and perspectives.
- Invites employees to co-create solutions and take ownership of implementation plans.
- Advocates for teams and removes barriers that hinder performance or morale.
Procedural FairnessProcedural Fairness focuses on the systems, structures, and decision-making processes that govern how employee concerns, opportunities, and evaluations are handled. It ensures that policies (such as hiring, promotions, and disciplinary actions) are applied consistently, transparently, and without bias. This dimension is about building trust in the organization's mechanisms by demonstrating that decisions are made through fair, inclusive, and standardized procedures that reflect equity at every level.
- Regularly audits and reviews procedures to identify and correct potential biases or inconsistencies.
- Creates fair hiring and promotions processes.
- Views procedural fairness as a core value in both day-to-day operations and strategic decisions.
- Uses employee relations practices reflecting fairness and equity across all levels.
- Makes sure that promotions are awarded fairly.
- Addresses employee concerns through processes that uphold fairness, consistency, and equity.
- Ensures employees understand how decisions are made and trust that procedures are followed without favoritism.
- Creates hiring panels and promotion committees that reflect diverse perspectives and follow standardized criteria.
- Ensures managers apply company policies consistently across teams, roles, and departments to ensure equitable treatment.
Autonomy and Decision-MakingAutonomy and Decision-Making focuses on the operational empowerment of employees to act independently, make choices within their areas of expertise, and shape their workflows. It's about the latitude given to individuals and teams to take initiative, solve problems, and participate meaningfully in decisions that affect their work. This dimension emphasizes the structures and behaviors (like delegation, participatory decision-making, and support for self-directed work) that allow employees to exercise judgment and contribute to outcomes with confidence and ownership.
- Seeks input and consent from employees before implementing major changes.
- Gives employees the latitude to tailor their workflows and problem-solving strategies to suit their strengths.
- Provides guidance and support while allowing employees the freedom to execute tasks independently.
- Allows employees to work independently when necessary.
- Encourages employees to participate in the decision-making process.
- Willing to delegate responsibilities to employees.
- Encourages employees to take initiative and experiment with new approaches to improve outcomes.
- Support self-directed work, allowing teams to set goals and determine the best path to achieve them.
- Gives employees the autonomy to make decisions and take actions as needed.
- Delegates meaningful responsibilities and trusts employees to make decisions within their areas of expertise.
- Empowers employees to make day-to-day decisions without excessive oversight or micromanagement.
- Is willing to delegate responsibilities to employees.
- Involves employees in decisions regarding implementation of employee development initiatives.
Human ResourcesHuman Resources within Employee Relations refers to the formal structures, policies, and institutional processes that guide employee onboarding, training, compliance, and personnel support. It involves ensuring legal and procedural alignment, providing clear documentation like handbooks, and coordinating with HR or Legal to manage risk and uphold company standards. This dimension is rooted in organizational systems that help employees understand expectations, access resources, and navigate workplace norms through structured channels.
- Provides employees with a clear and easy to read employee handbook.
- Uses structured onboarding to give employees clarity on company values, behavioral expectations, and team dynamics.
- Implements a new employee orientation that supports a smooth integration into the company's values, norms, and workplace expectations.
- Provides employees with training necessary to help their career advancement in the Company.
- Consults with HR or Legal before making decisions that may carry legal risk.
- Ensures employees receive the training they need to perform well on the job.
- Answers questions on behalf of the Human Resources department.
- Provides assistance to employees when they have personnel problem.
Accessibility of ManagementAccessibility of Management in Employee Relations emphasizes the availability, responsiveness, and proactive outreach of leaders to ensure employees feel heard, supported, and connected to decision-makers. It involves regular check-ins, open-door practices, and structured opportunities (like meetings and huddles) for employees to raise concerns, clarify expectations, and offer feedback. This dimension is about creating consistent, approachable channels where employees can engage directly with leadership and trust that their voices will influence workplace improvements.
- Is approachable and responsive when employees raise concerns or request assistance.
- Speaks with each employee to listen to their concerns and suggestions.
- Holds huddles at the beginning of the shift to ensure potential issues are addressed.
- Actively checks in with employees to ensure workloads are manageable and expectations are clear.
- Has monthly meetings to discuss and address issues in the workplace.
- Is someone that coworkers/employees can go to if they have a problem
- Proactively seeks employee feedback on the effectiveness of company leadership and explores opportunities for leadership to enhance support.
- Is approachable if coworkers/employees have a problem.
- Regularly invites employees to share their perspective on company leadership and to suggest ways leadership could better support them.
- Is in regular contact with employees.
- Hosts Labor and Management meetings regularly to discuss important issues.
Strategies and PoliciesStrategies and Policies within Employee Relations emphasize the proactive, mission-driven development and refinement of organizational practices that support long-term success and employee well-being. This dimension involves anticipating future challenges, integrating workforce trends, and designing policies with employee input to ensure fairness, adaptability, and alignment with strategic goals. It reflects a forward-looking approach where policies are not just compliant, but also innovative, inclusive, and reflective of the companyâs evolving values and operational needs.
- Regularly reviews and updates policies to ensure relevance, fairness, and alignment with industry best practices.
- Supports employees who work remotely.
- Consistently prioritizes the organization's mission, sustainability, and strategic goals.
- Implements administrative policies fairly across the organization.
- Designs policies with employee input to reflect a balance between operational efficiency and workforce well-being.
- Ensures that employees in the department are aware of the company's mission and strategies for achieving success.
- Demonstrates foresight by integrating sustainability, innovation, and workforce trends into policy development.
- Anticipates future challenges and proactively adapts policies to meet evolving needs.
- Includes employees in strategic planning to reflect a shared commitment to organizational success.
Legal/RegulatoryLegal/Regulatory focuses on adherence to established laws, regulations, and compliance standards that govern employment practices. It ensures that decisions and procedures (such as hiring, safety, reporting, and equal opportunity) are consistent with federal, state, and local requirements. Legal/Regulatory safeguards the company's external accountability, emphasizing risk management, legal integrity, and the responsible execution of employee relations within the boundaries of the law.
- Promptly reports workplace injuries and follows proper incident protocols.
- Stays informed about changes in employment legislation and adjust practices accordingly.
- Ensures employment decisions are consistent with federal, state, and local labor laws.
- Follows the EEO regulations closely.
- Reports known or suspected problems to the Compliance Department.
- Abides by all OSHA regulations.
- Honors all provisions of the employment contracts.
- Has a basic understanding of the laws and regulations regarding employment and work.
Employee EngagementEmployee Engagement focuses on the motivational and relational energy that leaders bring to inspire commitment, excellence, and team cohesion. It's about actively involving employees in meaningful work, recognizing their contributions, and fostering a culture of shared purpose and mutual support. Engagement ensures that employees feel energized, valued, and aligned with the company's mission--driving morale, retention, and performance through hands-on leadership and emotional investment.
- Actively engages with department employees to support and motivate them in delivering their best work each day.
- Demonstrates hands-on leadership by motivating department staff to strive for excellence in their daily tasks.
- Fosters a strong sense of camaraderie and mutual support among team members.
- Ensures employees are committed to the success of the company.
- Builds strong working relationships that enhance morale, productivity, and retention.
- Supports interests of the employees
Working ConditionsWorking Conditions in Employee Relations focus on the tangible, day-to-day aspects of the workplace that directly affect employee comfort, safety, and productivity. This includes staffing levels, physical environment, wellness initiatives, and workload distribution--elements that managers can often address through internal collaboration and responsive leadership. While input from employees and union representatives may inform improvements, the emphasis is on creating a functional and supportive environment through proactive management and operational adjustments.
- Supports flexible scheduling or remote work arrangements to accommodate employee needs and improve work-life balance.
- Encourages coworkers to speak freely about issues with the work environment.
- Responds promptly to environmental concerns such as temperature, lighting, noise, or workspace layout that affect employee comfort and productivity.
- Ensures the department has adequate staffing to meet its needs.
- Collaborates with facilities and safety teams to maintain clean, functional, and hazard-free workspaces.
- Ensures break areas, restrooms, and shared spaces are well-maintained and conducive to employee well-being.
- Establishes good employment conditions and work environment.
- Proactively monitors workload distribution to prevent burnout and ensure equitable task assignments.
- Identifies and mitigates safety risks in the workplace.
- Partners with union representatives or employee committees to develop initiatives that enhance working conditions.
- Supports ergonomic and wellness initiatives that align with OSHA standards.
Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining is a formalized process of negotiation between management and union representatives that governs broader employment terms, including wages, benefits, and working conditions. It reflects a structured, rights-based dialogue rooted in mutual respect, transparency, and legal frameworks. Collective Bargaining requires joint decision-making and agreement, ensuring that employee voices (through union representation) are equitably embedded in shaping workplace policies and protections.
- Works with union representatives to create a positive working environment for employees.
- Recognizes the union's right to bargain on behalf of employees at the company.
- Enables the union and management to form a partnership within the organization.
- Fosters constructive dialogue with union leadership through collective bargaining.
- Engages with union representatives in a manner that upholds fairness and equity.
- Values the partnership with unions and seeks mutually beneficial outcomes.
- Maintains formal labor relations governed by collective bargaining.
- Works with the union representatives in a fair and equitable manner.
- Participates in collective bargaining with labor unions.
- Acts as an honest broker in collective bargaining.
- Collaborates with union representatives in ways that reflect mutual respect and equitable treatment.
- Fosters a collaborative and just relationship with union representatives, grounded in transparency and equity.
Performance/DisciplinePerformance/Discipline in Employee Relations focuses on the proactive and structured management of employee behavior and productivity, including recognition of strong performance and correction of underperformance. It involves setting clear expectations, conducting fair evaluations, and applying disciplinary actions with transparency and due process when necessary. This dimension is primarily manager-initiated, aiming to maintain standards, support growth, and ensure alignment with organizational goals through consistent feedback and accountability.
- Is not afraid to take disciplinary action when needed.
- Clearly communicated and applies performance evaluations uniformly.
- Is interested in helping the company increase productivity and adjust to marketplace changes.
- Uses performance bonuses to help ensure that employees feel valued.
- Evaluates employee performance fairly.
- Gives employees due process in the event disciplinary actions are taken.
- Deals effectively with employees who may be difficult to work with.
- Handles disciplinary actions with transparency, proportionality, and respect for due process.
- Addresses performance issues sooner rather than later.
- Disciplines Employees as necessary.
- Rewards Good performance.
GrievancesGrievances in Employee Relations refer to formal, structured complaints raised by employees--often involving violations of policy, contract terms, or perceived unfair treatment. This dimension emphasizes the impartial administration of established procedures designed to ensure fairness, consistency, and resolution through documented channels. Grievance handling is typically reactive, triggered by specific incidents, and requires adherence to timelines, protocols, and outcomes that reflect organizational accountability and legal compliance.
- Resolves workplace disagreements with fairness, respect, and attention to differing viewpoints.
- Follows the grievance procedures.
- Handles grievance processes in a way that is impartial and leads to fair outcomes.
- Is effective in handling grievance procedures and resolving disputes.
- Implements the grievance process in a way that is fair and equitable.
- Creates a grievance process that is efficient and does not waste time or resources.
ConflictsConflicts encompass a broader range of interpersonal or operational disagreements that may arise informally between individuals, teams, or departments. This dimension focuses on proactive resolution through open dialogue, empathy, and collaborative problem-solving, often before issues escalate into formal grievances. Conflict management is more fluid and relational, emphasizing mutual understanding, shared accountability, and constructive engagement to maintain a respectful and cohesive work environment.
- Fosters a culture where disagreements are addressed respectfully and resolved collaboratively.
- Consistently encourages open dialogue and ensures all parties feel heard during conflict resolution.
- Resolves conflicts through structured processes that emphasize understanding, compromise, and shared accountability.
- Uses feedback from all involved parties to guide conflict resolution decisions.
- Facilitates resolution of disagreements by acknowledging and balancing the interests of all stakeholders.
- Is good at defusing situations before they become serious problems.
- Resolves conflicts in a positive and constructive manner.
- Effectively resolves employee problems and labor issues.
- Resolves disagreements with consideration for both sides.
- Easily resolves conflicts in the department.
- Resolves workplace issues fairly and quickly.
- Addresses conflicts through processes that consider the perspectives and needs of all parties involved.
Employee Opinion Survey Items
Managers who foster fairness and mutual respect help cultivate a culture where employees feel safe to speak up, contribute ideas, and challenge assumptions. This drives innovation and continuous improvement. By aligning daily interactions with shared organizational values, these managers reinforce cultural consistency, making the company's mission more than just words on a wall.
Employees who feel heard, empowered, and respected are more likely to stay, reducing costly attrition and preserving institutional knowledge. Good Employee Relations seeks to balance performance expectations with support, leading to more sustainable productivity and fewer burnout-related issues.
Good Employee Relations helps reduce risks in the workplace. Thoughtful handling of discipline, grievances, and conflict resolution minimizes legal exposure and ensures compliance with labor laws and internal policies. When managers apply equitable practices, the organization avoids reputational risks tied to favoritism, bias, or inconsistent treatment.
These skills are required in unionized environments. Managers skilled in Employee Relations will uphold respectful negotiations, reinforcing trust and long-term partnership. These skills help make the company an "Employer of Choice" where competent managers help make the company more likely to be seen as desirable workplaces, attracting top talent and enhancing brand reputation.
CommunicationCommunication in the Employee Relations dimension refers to the flow, clarity, and responsiveness of information across all levels of the organization. It encompasses how openly and frequently management shares updates, how well employees feel heard, and how effectively feedback loops are maintained. Strong communication is evident when employees feel safe expressing their views, when procedural changes are clearly explained, and when dialogue between staff and leadership is regular and inclusive. It's about the mechanics and culture of exchange -- ensuring that information moves freely, transparently, and with mutual understanding. Communication builds the infrastructure for collaboration, alignment, and responsiveness.
- I feel management and staff have good communication.
- The Company ensures that employees are well informed about any changes.
- The Company holds quarterly and annual gatherings to keep everyone up-to-date.
- Management ensures that procedural changes are communicated in advance and implemented with employee input.
- Information moves freely both up and down the organization.
- There is good communication between me and my boss.
- The Company communicates regularly with employees.
- Employees feel safe and empowered to share candid, detailed feedback in company surveys.
- Employees eagerly respond to surveys, offering thoughtful and comprehensive insights to support workplace improvement.
- Managers are open to hearing from all sides before making a decision.
Appreciative and RespectfulAppreciative and Respectful in the Employee Relations dimension centers on how employees feel valued, acknowledged, and personally supported by leadership. It reflects a culture where managers recognize individual contributions, advocate for employee success, and express genuine appreciation for staff efforts. This dimension emphasizes emotional intelligence, empathy, and interpersonal care -- where employees are not just treated well, but are actively uplifted, encouraged, and seen as integral to the organization's mission. Appreciation goes beyond fairness by affirming worth, celebrating effort, and fostering a sense of belonging and purpose.
- The Company is committed to the success of the employees.
- My Supervisor is an advocate for me looking out for my interests.
- In this company, administrators appreciate the work of their staff.
- Staff are treated with impartiality and empathy in day-to-day management decisions.
- The company values my input.
- Managers in this Company appreciate the work of the staff.
- Employees are viewed as a valuable asset at the Company.
- My supervisor appreciates and values my work.
Working RelationshipsWorking Relationships refer to the sustained, goal-oriented partnerships between individuals and groups within the organization. These relationships are built on shared purpose, mutual support, and collaborative effort toward common objectives. Whether between labor and management, supervisors and staff, or peer-to-peer, strong working relationships reflect alignment with organizational values, openness to feedback, and a commitment to win-win outcomes. They are characterized by trust in each other's contributions, a willingness to listen and adapt, and a sense of joint ownership over results. Working relationships are the structural and motivational backbone of effective teamwork and long-term cooperation.
- Administrators here in Company value the work of support staff.
- Managers work to obtain win-win resolutions.
- Labor and management pull together toward the same objectives.
- Management is willing to listen to my suggestions on how to improve various aspects of the work.
- Labor and Management are committed to working together.
- Employees believe leadership acts in ways that reflect shared values and organizational priorities.
- There is a good working relationship between management and employee representatives.
- Employees try to be helpful to one another.
- Management and employees are working toward the same goals.
- Labor and Management work together to achieve the Company vision.
TrustTrust reflects the depth of belief in one another's integrity, intentions, and competence. It goes beyond what is said to how people feel about the motives and reliability behind decisions and actions. In employee relations, trust is demonstrated when managers delegate meaningful responsibilities, when employees believe leadership acts in the company's and their best interest, and when labor and management interact with mutual respect. Trust is the emotional and relational foundation that allows communication to be candid and impactful. While communication enables connection, trust sustains it -- fostering psychological safety, shared accountability, and long-term cohesion.
- Managers have a mutual trust and respect for employees.
- Employees trust the decisions made by management.
- Employees here are honest and trustworthy.
- There is mutual trust between Labor and Management.
- Staff feel that leadership decisions are guided by a clear long-term vision and grounded in organizational values.
- Team members are trusted to manage their time, priorities, and resources in alignment with the overall department goals.
- Team members consistently demonstrate trust, cooperation, and shared accountability.
- Management and Labor trust each other.
- Management and employees trust one another.
- Employees have confidence that leadership makes decisions aligned with the success of the company.
- Managers entrust employees with important responsibilities.
- We foster a workplace where employee relations are built on trust, fairness, and equality.
- There is an atmosphere of mutual trust among employees in my department.
Fairness/EquityFairness and Equity focuses on the consistency, impartiality, and justice of organizational systems and interpersonal treatment. It ensures that policies, decisions, and day-to-day interactions are applied evenly across roles, departments, and demographics. This dimension is about structural integrity -- where employees trust that promotions, discipline, evaluations, and opportunities are handled without bias or favoritism. While respect is embedded in both dimensions, Fairness and Equity is more procedural and systemic, ensuring that every employee receives equal consideration and that the organization upholds its ethical commitments across all levels.
- Employee relations are conducted in a fair and equitable manner.
- The organization maintains fair and equitable treatment in all aspects of employee relations.
- The Company is committed to treating employees fairly.
- Employees at the Company are treated equally with respect.
- Management builds trust by treating employees with fairness, dignity, and genuine consideration.
- At the Company, I am treated fairly.
- Leadership consistently demonstrates impartiality and respect in managing employee relations.
- Management treats staff fairly and with thoughtfulness.
- Employees treat each other fairly and with respect.
- Employees are treated fairly in our department.
- Leadership behaviors reflect a balance of fairness, respect, and attentiveness to employee well-being.
- My manager treats me fairly.
- Team members treat one another with respect, empathy, and professionalism in daily interactions.
- Management engages employees with equitable treatment and respectful consideration.
InteractionsInteractions focus on the quality and tone of day-to-day exchanges between individuals -- the micro-moments that shape workplace culture. Positive interactions are marked by fairness, respect, empathy, and transparency, whether in casual conversations, supervisory check-ins, or formal meetings. While working relationships describe the broader collaborative dynamic, interactions capture the interpersonal behaviors that either reinforce or erode that dynamic. Good interactions build psychological safety and reinforce trust, while poor ones can undermine even well-established relationships. In essence, interactions are the behavioral expressions that sustain (or strain) the working relationships they feed into.
- I have good interactions with my supervisor.
- Interactions between staff and management are guided by principles of fairness, transparency, and equality.
- Leadership demonstrates consistent fairness and equity in interactions with union representatives.
- Managers show fairness and respect in their interactions with employees.
- Interactions between leadership and staff are guided by principles of equity, respect, and care.
- There are positive interactions between members of my team.
- Leadership demonstrates fairness and thoughtfulness in its interactions with staff.
SupportSupport refers to the ways in which management actively enables employees to succeed, both professionally and personally. It includes providing resources, training, flexibility, and emotional encouragement, as well as advocating for staff needs and removing obstacles to performance. Support is about responsiveness and attentiveness -- ensuring that employees feel cared for, equipped, and backed by their leaders. It reflects a culture where managers recognize individual strengths, tailor assistance, and maintain consistency across roles and departments. Support builds confidence by assuring employees that help is available when needed, and that their well-being is a priority.
- Employees who are not in a union receive the same level of support.
- Management invites employees to co-create solutions and take ownership of implementation plans.
- Employees feel their well-being is a priority, with management offering flexibility and accommodations when needed.
- Supervisors recognize individual strengths and tailor support to help employees grow professionally.
- Managers advocate for their teams and remove barriers that hinder performance or morale.
- Employees feel comfortable seeking help or offering feedback to their peers.
- Support from management is consistent across departments, roles, and employment statuses.
- Leadership provides the tools, training, and resources necessary for employees to succeed in their roles.
- Employees receive full support from managers.
- I receive the support I need to do my job well.
- Employees collaborate effectively, valuing each other's contributions and perspectives.
Procedural FairnessProcedural Fairness in the Employee Relations dimension focuses on how consistently and equitably organizational processes are applied. It emphasizes transparency, impartiality, and trust in the mechanisms that govern employee experiences â such as hiring, promotions, grievance handling, and disciplinary actions. Procedural fairness ensures that employees understand how decisions are made and believe those decisions are free from favoritism or bias. Itâs about the integrity of the process itself: whether the rules are followed, whether theyâre applied evenly across roles and departments, and whether employees feel protected by the system. This dimension builds trust through predictability, accountability, and a commitment to justice in everyday operations.
- Employee relations practices reflect fairness and equity across all levels.
- Employee concerns are addressed through processes that uphold fairness, consistency, and equity.
- Employees perceive that procedural fairness is a core value in both day-to-day operations and strategic decisions.
- The processes used for hiring and promotions are fair.
- Managers apply company policies consistently across teams, roles, and departments to ensure equitable treatment.
- Managers make sure that promotions are awarded fairly.
- Hiring panels and promotion committees reflect diverse perspectives and follow standardized criteria.
- Managers regularly audit and review procedures to identify and correct potential biases or inconsistencies.
- Employees understand how decisions are made and trust that procedures are followed without favoritism.
Autonomy and Decision-MakingAutonomy and Decision-Making emphasizes the degree to which employees are trusted to act independently, contribute to decisions, and shape their own work. It reflects a shift from managerial control to employee empowerment -- where staff are encouraged to take initiative, experiment, and make meaningful choices. Autonomy is about freedom with accountability: employees are given latitude to tailor workflows, solve problems creatively, and participate in shaping organizational direction. Autonomy hands over the reins fostering ownership and innovation.
- Employees have autonomy to make decisions and take actions as needed.
- Employees are able to work independently when necessary.
- Managers are willing to delegate responsibilities to employees.
- Supervisors delegate meaningful responsibilities and trust employees to make decisions within their areas of expertise.
- Employees are encouraged to take initiative and experiment with new approaches to improve outcomes.
- Employees are given latitude to tailor their workflows and problem-solving strategies to suit their strengths.
- Management seeks input and consent from employees before implementing major changes.
- Managers provide guidance and support while allowing employees the freedom to execute tasks independently.
- I believe my supervisor makes good decisions.
- Managers support self-directed work, allowing teams to set goals and determine the best path to achieve them.
- Employees participate in the decision-making process.
- Supervisors are willing to delegate responsibilities to employees.
- Employees are involved and participate in decisions regarding implementation of employee development initiatives.
- Staff feel empowered to make day-to-day decisions without excessive oversight or micromanagement.
Human ResourcesHuman Resources refers to the formal systems, structures, and personnel dedicated to supporting employees across the organization. HR serves as a centralized resource for onboarding, training, policy interpretation, and resolving personnel issues. It provides clarity on company values, ensures legal compliance, and offers guidance on employment-related matters through tools like handbooks, orientation programs, and structured development opportunities. HR is often the go-to department for navigating complex or sensitive issues, and its role is foundational in maintaining consistency, fairness, and professionalism across the employee experience.
- I am comfortable going to Human Resources when I have a problem or issue.
- Employees receive the training they need to perform well on the job.
- Employees receive training to help with their advancement in the Company.
- Human Resources helps me when I have a personnel problem.
- Our department consults with HR or Legal before making decisions that may carry legal risk.
- New employee orientation supports a smooth integration into the company's values, norms, and workplace expectations.
- My questions are answered by the Human Resources department.
- The company provides a clear and easy to read employee handbook.
- The employee handbook includes clear policies regarding employment and work rules.
- Employees gain clarity on company values, behavioral expectations, and team dynamics through structured onboarding.
Accessibility of ManagementAccessibility of Management emphasizes the direct, interpersonal availability of supervisors, managers, and senior leaders in day-to-day operations. It reflects how approachable and responsive leadership is when employees need support, want to raise concerns, or seek input on workplace matters. This dimension is about relational proximity -- whether managers are present, engaged, and regularly checking in with staff. It includes informal touchpoints like shift huddles, one-on-one conversations, and open-door policies that foster trust and responsiveness. While HR provides structured support, accessible management ensures that leadership is visible, attentive, and actively involved in the employee experience.
- I can go to My Supervisor if I have a problem
- I can go to my manager if I have a problem.
- Managers are approachable and responsive when employees raise concerns or request assistance.
- My manager holds huddles at the beginning of the shift to ensure potential issues are addressed.
- I am in regular contact with my supervisor.
- Supervisors actively check in with employees to ensure workloads are manageable and expectations are clear.
- Labor and Management meet regularly to discuss important issues.
- Senior managers seek to speak with each employee to listen to their concerns and suggestions.
- My Supervisor regularly asks how I am doing and if there is anything they can do to help.
- I know how best to contact my manager.
- I can contact senior leadership if needed.
- Our department has monthly meetings to discuss and address issues in the workplace.
Strategies and PoliciesStrategies and Policies emphasize the design and direction of organizational frameworks that shape the employee experience. This dimension reflects how management anticipates future needs, aligns policies with strategic goals, and integrates employee input into broader planning. It's about foresight, adaptability, and intentionality -- crafting policies that support inclusion, flexibility, and professional growth while advancing the company's mission. While procedural fairness ensures that policies are applied equitably, strategies and policies focus on whether those policies are thoughtfully constructed, forward-looking, and responsive to workforce trends. Together, they reinforce a workplace where both the rules and the vision are trusted and respected.
- My coworkers recognize that management anticipates future challenges and proactively adapts policies to meet evolving needs.
- Employees feel that strategic planning includes their voices and reflects a shared commitment to organizational success.
- Employees are aware of the company's mission and strategies for achieving success.
- Policies are designed with employee input and reflect a balance between operational efficiency and workforce well-being.
- Our Company supports employees who work remotely
- The administrative policies are implemented fairly across the organization.
- Staff appreciate that policies support flexibility, inclusion, and professional growth across diverse roles and locations.
- Staff perceive that management consistently prioritizes the organization's mission, sustainability, and strategic goals.
- Management demonstrates foresight by integrating sustainability, innovation, and workforce trends into policy development.
- Management regularly reviews and updates policies to ensure relevance, fairness, and alignment with industry best practices.
Legal/RegulatoryLegal/Regulatory refers to the organization's adherence to formal laws, regulations, and compliance standards that govern employment practices. This includes honoring employment contracts, following OSHA and EEO guidelines, ensuring lawful hiring and promotion decisions, and maintaining proper incident reporting protocols. It reflects a commitment to legal integrity and risk mitigation, where managers and supervisors are expected to stay informed about evolving legislation and apply it consistently. Legal/Regulatory is primarily about compliance -- ensuring that the organization operates within the boundaries of federal, state, and local labor laws to protect both the company and its employees.
- The company follows the EEO regulations closely.
- The company abides by all OSHA regulations.
- Workplace injuries are promptly reported, and supervisors follow proper incident protocols.
- Employment contracts are honored by the company.
- Managers have a basic understanding of the laws and regulations regarding employment and work.
- Managers ensure employment decisions are consistent with federal, state, and local labor laws.
- I am comfortable reporting known or suspected problems to the Compliance Department.
- Supervisors stay informed about changes in employment legislation and adjust practices accordingly.
Employee EngagementEmployee Engagement focuses on the emotional and motivational connection employees have to their work, their coworkers, and the organization's mission. It reflects how invested employees are in doing their best, collaborating effectively, and contributing to shared success. Engagement is driven by morale, camaraderie, and a sense of purpose -- where employees feel valued, energized, and aligned with company goals. It's about the internal drive and relational dynamics that foster productivity, retention, and a positive workplace culture.
- I enjoy working with my coworkers in the department.
- My coworkers are committed to the success of the company.
- There is a strong sense of camaraderie and mutual support among team members.
- Employees in my department try to do the best job they can each day.
- Our Company supports interests of the employees
- Staff build strong working relationships that enhance morale, productivity, and retention.
Working ConditionsWorking Conditions refer to the tangible and environmental factors that shape the day-to-day employee experience. This includes physical safety, ergonomic support, staffing levels, and the ability to speak openly about workplace concerns. Working conditions are the structural foundation that enables engagement -- when employees feel safe, supported, and properly resourced, they're more likely to thrive. Working conditions determine whether the environment allows them to perform well and feel secure doing so. Employee Engagement and Working Conditions form a complementary relationship: strong working conditions sustain engagement, and high engagement can help improve the work environment.
- Our department has adequate staffing to meet our needs.
- Current employment conditions and environment are good.
- Managers support ergonomic and wellness initiatives that align with OSHA standards.
- I can speak to my coworkers freely about issues with the work environment.
- I proactively identify and mitigate safety risks in the workplace.
Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining focuses on the structured negotiation and partnership between management and recognized labor unions. It emphasizes mutual respect, transparency, and shared decision-making in areas such as wages, working conditions, and employee rights. While it operates within a legal framework, Collective Bargaining is more relational and collaborative -- aiming to build trust and achieve win-win outcomes through dialogue and formal agreements. It reflects the organization's willingness to engage with union representatives as equal stakeholders, fostering a culture of fairness and equity through negotiated processes. Collective Bargaining builds internal consensus through organized representation.
- The company acts as an honest broker in collective bargaining.
- Management recognizes the union's right to bargain on behalf of employees at the company.
- The management team that works with the union representatives does so in a fair and equitable manner.
- The organization fosters constructive dialogue with union leadership through collective bargaining.
- The company maintains formal labor relations governed by collective bargaining.
- The management team collaborates with union representatives in ways that reflect mutual respect and equitable treatment.
- The company values its partnership with unions and seeks mutually beneficial outcomes.
- Management engages with union representatives in a manner that upholds fairness and equity.
- Management works with union representatives to create a positive working environment for employees.
- The company participates in collective bargaining with recognized labor unions.
- Our leadership fosters a collaborative and just relationship with union representatives, grounded in transparency and equity.
- The Union and management form a partnership within the organization.
Performance/DisciplinePerformance/Discipline in the Employee Relations dimension focuses on how managers evaluate, guide, and correct employee behavior and output in relation to organizational standards. It includes timely feedback, fair evaluations, recognition of strong performance, and proportional disciplinary action when necessary. This dimension emphasizes accountability, consistency, and due process -- ensuring that employees understand expectations and that any corrective measures are transparent and respectful. Performance/Discipline is primarily about aligning individual contributions with company goals, maintaining productivity, and reinforcing standards through structured evaluation and reward systems.
- My manager addresses performance issues sooner rather than later.
- My supervisor is not afraid to take disciplinary action when needed.
- Coworkers are interested in helping the company increase productivity and adjust to marketplace changes.
- My manager evaluates my performance fairly.
- My manager deals effectively with employees who may be difficult to work with.
- Good performance is rewarded at the Company.
- Employees may be disciplined if necessary.
- Employees have due process in the event of disciplinary actions are taken.
- Performance bonuses help ensure that employees feel valued.
- Procedures for performance evaluations are clearly communicated and applied uniformly.
- Staff report that disciplinary actions are handled with transparency, proportionality, and respect for due process.
GrievancesGrievances refer to formal complaints raised by employees regarding perceived violations of rights, policies, or workplace standards. These are typically addressed through structured, documented procedures designed to ensure impartiality, consistency, and legal compliance. Grievance processes often involve HR or legal consultation, timelines for resolution, and mechanisms for appeal. The emphasis is on fairness, efficiency, and procedural integrity -- ensuring that employees trust the system to handle serious concerns equitably. Grievances are reactive by nature, triggered when an employee feels a line has been crossed and seeks formal redress.
- Managers follow the grievance procedures.
- The grievance handling procedures are effective in resolving disputes.
- The grievance process used at the Company is fair and equitable.
- The grievance process used at the Company is efficient and does not waste time or resources.
- Workplace disagreements are resolved with fairness, respect, and attention to differing viewpoints.
- Employees feel confident that grievance processes are impartial and lead to fair outcomes.
ConflictsConflicts encompass a broad range of interpersonal or operational disagreements that may arise in the course of daily work. These can be informal, spontaneous, and often resolved without invoking formal procedures. Conflict resolution focuses on dialogue, compromise, and mutual understanding -- with managers and supervisors playing a key role in facilitating respectful conversations and balancing stakeholder interests. While some conflicts may escalate into grievances, most are addressed proactively through open communication and collaborative problem-solving. In essence, grievances are formalized disputes requiring procedural resolution, whereas conflicts are everyday tensions that call for relational skill and constructive engagement.
- Management consistently encourages open dialogue and ensures all parties feel heard during conflict resolution.
- The department fosters a culture where disagreements are addressed respectfully and resolved collaboratively.
- Conflicts are resolved through structured processes that emphasize understanding, compromise, and shared accountability.
- Disagreements are resolved with consideration for both sides.
- Conflicts are resolved in a positive and constructive manner.
- Leaders facilitate resolution of disagreements by acknowledging and balancing the interests of all stakeholders.
- Conflicts are easily resolved in my department.
- The department uses feedback from all involved parties to guide conflict resolution decisions.
- My Supervisor effectively resolves employee problems and labor issues.
- Workplace issues are resolved fairly and quickly.
- My supervisor is good at defusing situations before they become serious problems.
- Conflicts are addressed through processes that consider the perspectives and needs of all parties involved.
Self-Assessment Items
CommunicationCommunication within Employee Relations emphasizes the flow of information--how, when, and with what clarity leaders convey updates, decisions, and expectations to employees. It involves proactive outreach, transparency about changes, and creating channels where employees feel safe to offer feedback. Strong communication ensures that employees are consistently informed, heard, and included in procedural developments, fostering a sense of empowerment and organizational alignment.
- You ensure that employees feel safe and empowered to share candid, detailed feedback to the company.
- I am open to hearing from all sides before making a decision.
- You ensure that employees are well informed about any changes.
- You ensure that procedural changes are communicated in advance and implemented with employee input.
- You communicate regularly with employees.
- You maintain good communication with employees.
- I hold quarterly and annual gatherings to keep everyone up-to-date.
Appreciative and RespectfulAppreciative and Respectful focuses on the mindset and interpersonal behaviors that affirm the value of individual employees. It emphasizes empathy, recognition, and advocacy--treating staff with dignity, impartiality, and genuine consideration in daily interactions and decisions. Leaders who embody this dimension actively appreciate contributions, seek employee input, and demonstrate a commitment to each personâs success, reinforcing the belief that employees are vital assets to the organization.
- You are an advocate for employees and look out for their best interests.
- You value employee input.
- I appreciate and value work by employees in the department.
- You appreciate the work of staff/employees.
- You are committed to the success of employees.
- You view employees as a valuable asset of the company.
- I treat staff with impartiality and empathy in day-to-day management decisions.
- You appreciate the work of others.
Working RelationshipsWorking Relationships centers on collaboration and alignment between employees, management, and labor representatives in pursuit of shared goals. It reflects the structural and cultural efforts to build trust, foster cooperation, and ensure that all parties are working together toward the company's mission and priorities. This dimension involves facilitating dialogue, resolving issues through mutual understanding, and cultivating a workplace where collective problem-solving and strategic alignment are the norm.
- You act in ways that reflect our shared values and organizational priorities.
- You work with employees to obtain win-win resolutions.
- I work with employees toward the same goals.
- I am willing to listen to employee suggestions on how to improve various aspects of the work.
- I help labor and management pull together toward the same objectives.
- You facilitate labor and management working together to achieve the company vision.
- You create a good working relationship between management and employee representatives.
- You foster an environment where employees try to be helpful to one another.
- I commit to ensuring labor and management work together.
TrustTrust in Employee Relations centers on the relational and cultural foundation that enables cooperation, shared accountability, and confidence in leadership. It reflects how employees perceive the integrity, transparency, and strategic alignment of decisions made by management, and whether they feel their contributions are respected and their interests considered. Trust is cultivated through consistent behaviors--such as involving employees in goal-setting, modeling values-based decision-making, and fostering mutual respect between labor and managementâthat signal reliability and reinforce belief in the organization's long-term vision.
- I create clarity and trust by involving employees in goal-setting and showing how leadership choices reinforce shared success.
- You trust team members to manage their time, priorities, and resources in alignment with the overall department goals.
- You work to ensure that management and labor trust each other.
- I make decisions trusted by the employees.
- I foster a workplace where employee relations are built on trust, fairness, and equality.
- You have a mutual trust and respect for employees.
- I trust the decisions and actions make by employees.
- You consistently demonstrate trust, cooperation, and share accountability.
- You make leadership decisions that are guide by a clear long-term vision and ground in organizational values.
- I demonstrate transparency and strategic alignment, helping employees trust that leadership decisions support the company's long-term success.
- You create an atmosphere of mutual trust among employees in the department.
- You entrust employees with important responsibilities.
- You model decision-making that visibly reflects company priorities, fostering employee trust in leadership's commitment to organizational success.
Fairness/EquityFairness/Equity in Employee Relations refers to the everyday behaviors, attitudes, and interpersonal treatment that reflect dignity, impartiality, and respect toward all employees. It's about how individuals are treated in real time--whether they feel valued, respected, and considered in their interactions with managers and peers. This dimension emphasizes empathy, professionalism, and equitable treatment across roles and departments, fostering trust and psychological safety through consistent, thoughtful engagement.
- I build trust by treating employees with fairness, dignity, and genuine consideration.
- You are committed to treating employees fairly.
- I treat employees fairly.
- I treat employees fairly in the department.
- I treat employees at the company equally and with respect.
- I treat team members with respect, empathy, and professionalism in daily interactions.
- I treat employees and coworkers fairly and with respect.
- I consistently demonstrate impartiality and respect in managing employee relations.
- I conduct employee relations in a fair and equitable manner.
- You treat staff fairly and with thoughtfulness.
- I demonstrate a balance of fairness, respect, and attentiveness to employee well-being.
- I engage employees with equitable treatment and respectful consideration.
- I maintain fair and equitable treatment in all aspects of employee relations.
InteractionsInteractions focus on the quality and tone of day-to-day exchanges between individuals--especially between management, staff, and union representatives. This dimension highlights fairness, respect, and equity in personal engagement, ensuring that every conversation or encounter reflects thoughtful consideration and mutual dignity.
- My interactions are guided by principles of equity, respect, and care.
- You demonstrate consistent fairness and equity in interactions with union representatives.
- You show fairness and respect in your interactions with employees.
- I maintain positive interactions between members of the team.
- You have good interactions with employees.
- My interactions are guided by principles of fairness, transparency, and equality.
- You demonstrate fairness and thoughtfulness in interactions with staff.
SupportSupport emphasizes the relational and adaptive efforts leaders make to empower employees in their day-to-day work. It's about removing barriers, tailoring resources to individual needs, and fostering a culture where employees feel heard, valued, and equipped to succeed. Support brings "leadership" to life through advocacy, flexibility, and personalized encouragement that strengthens morale, collaboration, and professional growth.
- I recognize individual strengths and tailor support to help employees grow professionally.
- I collaborate effectively, valuing each employee's contributions and perspectives.
- I invite employees to co-create solutions and take ownership of implementation plans.
- I provide the tools, training, and resources necessary for employees to succeed in their roles.
- I advocate for teams and remove barriers that hinder performance or morale.
- I offer employees flexibility and accommodations when needed.
- You give employees the support they need to do their job.
- You give employees full support.
- I create an environment where employees feel comfortable seeking help or offering feedback to their peers.
Procedural FairnessProcedural Fairness focuses on the systems, structures, and decision-making processes that govern how employee concerns, opportunities, and evaluations are handled. It ensures that policies (such as hiring, promotions, and disciplinary actions) are applied consistently, transparently, and without bias. This dimension is about building trust in the organization's mechanisms by demonstrating that decisions are made through fair, inclusive, and standardized procedures that reflect equity at every level.
- I use employee relations practices reflecting fairness and equity across all levels.
- I regularly audit and review procedures to identify and correct potential biases or inconsistencies.
- You create hiring panels and promotion committees that reflect diverse perspectives and follow standardized criteria.
- You view procedural fairness as a core value in both day-to-day operations and strategic decisions.
- You make sure that promotions are awarded fairly.
- You address employee concerns through processes that uphold fairness, consistency, and equity.
- You ensure employees understand how decisions are make and trust that procedures are follow without favoritism.
- I ensure managers apply company policies consistently across teams, roles, and departments to ensure equitable treatment.
- You create fair hiring and promotions processes.
Autonomy and Decision-MakingAutonomy and Decision-Making focuses on the operational empowerment of employees to act independently, make choices within their areas of expertise, and shape their workflows. It's about the latitude given to individuals and teams to take initiative, solve problems, and participate meaningfully in decisions that affect their work. This dimension emphasizes the structures and behaviors (like delegation, participatory decision-making, and support for self-directed work) that allow employees to exercise judgment and contribute to outcomes with confidence and ownership.
- I support self-directed work, allowing teams to set goals and determine the best path to achieve them.
- You give employees the latitude to tailor their workflows and problem-solving strategies to suit their strengths.
- You are willing to delegate responsibilities to employees.
- I provide guidance and support while allowing employees the freedom to execute tasks independently.
- You encourage employees to participate in the decision-making process.
- I seek input and consent from employees before implementing major changes.
- You give employees the autonomy to make decisions and take actions as needed.
- I encourage employees to take initiative and experiment with new approaches to improve outcomes.
- You empower employees to make day-to-day decisions without excessive oversight or micromanagement.
- You involve employees in decisions regarding implementation of employee development initiatives.
- I am willing to delegate responsibilities to employees.
- You allow employees to work independently when necessary.
- I delegate meaningful responsibilities and trust employees to make decisions within their areas of expertise.
Human ResourcesHuman Resources within Employee Relations refers to the formal structures, policies, and institutional processes that guide employee onboarding, training, compliance, and personnel support. It involves ensuring legal and procedural alignment, providing clear documentation like handbooks, and coordinating with HR or Legal to manage risk and uphold company standards. This dimension is rooted in organizational systems that help employees understand expectations, access resources, and navigate workplace norms through structured channels.
- I provide assistance to employees when they have personnel problem.
- I use structured onboarding to give employees clarity on company values, behavioral expectations, and team dynamics.
- You provide employees with training necessary to help their career advancement in the company.
- You consult with HR or legal before making decisions that may carry legal risk.
- I answer questions on behalf of the Human Resources department.
- You ensure employees receive the training they need to perform well on the job.
- I provide employees with a clear and easy to read employee handbook.
- I implement a new employee orientation that supports a smooth integration into the company's values, norms, and workplace expectations.
Accessibility of ManagementAccessibility of Management in Employee Relations emphasizes the availability, responsiveness, and proactive outreach of leaders to ensure employees feel heard, supported, and connected to decision-makers. It involves regular check-ins, open-door practices, and structured opportunities (like meetings and huddles) for employees to raise concerns, clarify expectations, and offer feedback. This dimension is about creating consistent, approachable channels where employees can engage directly with leadership and trust that their voices will influence workplace improvements.
- I regularly invite employees to share their perspective on company leadership and to suggest ways leadership could better support them.
- I actively check in with employees to ensure workloads are manageable and expectations are clear.
- I am in regular contact with employees.
- You are approachable and responsive when employees raise concerns or request assistance.
- You hold huddles at the beginning of the shift to ensure potential issues are addressed.
- I am someone that coworkers/employees can go to if they have a problem
- I proactively seek employee feedback on the effectiveness of company leadership and explore opportunities for leadership to enhance support.
- You speak with each employee to listen to their concerns and suggestions.
- I host labor and management meetings regularly to discuss important issues.
- I am approachable if coworkers/employees have a problem.
- You have monthly meetings to discuss and address issues in the workplace.
Strategies and PoliciesStrategies and Policies within Employee Relations emphasize the proactive, mission-driven development and refinement of organizational practices that support long-term success and employee well-being. This dimension involves anticipating future challenges, integrating workforce trends, and designing policies with employee input to ensure fairness, adaptability, and alignment with strategic goals. It reflects a forward-looking approach where policies are not just compliant, but also innovative, inclusive, and reflective of the companyâs evolving values and operational needs.
- I include employees in strategic planning to reflect a shared commitment to organizational success.
- You support employees who work remotely.
- I consistently prioritize the organization's mission, sustainability, and strategic goals.
- I ensure that employees in the department are aware of the company's mission and strategies for achieving success.
- You demonstrate foresight by integrating sustainability, innovation, and workforce trends into policy development.
- You implement administrative policies fairly across the organization.
- You regularly review and update policies to ensure relevance, fairness, and alignment with industry best practices.
- You anticipate future challenges and proactively adapt policies to meet evolving needs.
- You design policies with employee input to reflect a balance between operational efficiency and workforce well-being.
Legal/RegulatoryLegal/Regulatory focuses on adherence to established laws, regulations, and compliance standards that govern employment practices. It ensures that decisions and procedures (such as hiring, safety, reporting, and equal opportunity) are consistent with federal, state, and local requirements. Legal/Regulatory safeguards the company's external accountability, emphasizing risk management, legal integrity, and the responsible execution of employee relations within the boundaries of the law.
- I stay informed about changes in employment legislation and adjust practices accordingly.
- I promptly report workplace injuries and follow proper incident protocols.
- You ensure employment decisions are consistent with federal, state, and local labor laws.
- I have a basic understanding of the laws and regulations regarding employment and work.
- I honor all provisions of the employment contracts.
- I report known or suspected problems to the Compliance Department.
- You abide by all OSHA regulations.
- I follow the EEO regulations closely.
Employee EngagementEmployee Engagement focuses on the motivational and relational energy that leaders bring to inspire commitment, excellence, and team cohesion. It's about actively involving employees in meaningful work, recognizing their contributions, and fostering a culture of shared purpose and mutual support. Engagement ensures that employees feel energized, valued, and aligned with the company's mission--driving morale, retention, and performance through hands-on leadership and emotional investment.
- You build strong working relationships that enhance morale, productivity, and retention.
- I foster a strong sense of camaraderie and mutual support among team members.
- You support interests of the employees
- I actively engage with department employees to support and motivate them in delivering their best work each day.
- You ensure employees are commit to the success of the company.
- You demonstrate hands-on leadership by motivating department staff to strive for excellence in their daily tasks.
Working ConditionsWorking Conditions in Employee Relations focus on the tangible, day-to-day aspects of the workplace that directly affect employee comfort, safety, and productivity. This includes staffing levels, physical environment, wellness initiatives, and workload distribution--elements that managers can often address through internal collaboration and responsive leadership. While input from employees and union representatives may inform improvements, the emphasis is on creating a functional and supportive environment through proactive management and operational adjustments.
- You ensure the department has adequate staffing to meet its needs.
- You support flexible scheduling or remote work arrangements to accommodate employee needs and improve work-life balance.
- I encourage coworkers to speak freely about issues with the work environment.
- I proactively monitor workload distribution to prevent burnout and ensure equitable task assignments.
- You identify and mitigate safety risks in the workplace.
- I establish good employment conditions and work environment.
- You support ergonomic and wellness initiatives that align with OSHA standards.
- I collaborate with facilities and safety teams to maintain clean, functional, and hazard-free workspaces.
- I partner with union representatives or employee committees to develop initiatives that enhance working conditions.
- I respond promptly to environmental concerns such as temperature, lighting, noise, or workspace layout that affect employee comfort and productivity.
- I ensure break areas, restrooms, and share spaces are well-maintained and conducive to employee well-being.
Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining is a formalized process of negotiation between management and union representatives that governs broader employment terms, including wages, benefits, and working conditions. It reflects a structured, rights-based dialogue rooted in mutual respect, transparency, and legal frameworks. Collective Bargaining requires joint decision-making and agreement, ensuring that employee voices (through union representation) are equitably embedded in shaping workplace policies and protections.
- You recognize the union's right to bargain on behalf of employees at the company.
- You collaborate with union representatives in ways that reflect mutual respect and equitable treatment.
- I enable the union and management to form a partnership within the organization.
- I value the partnership with unions and seek mutually beneficial outcomes.
- You work with the union representatives in a fair and equitable manner.
- You foster a collaborative and just relationship with union representatives, ground in transparency and equity.
- You maintain formal labor relations governed by collective bargaining.
- You participate in collective bargaining with labor unions.
- I engage with union representatives in a manner that upholds fairness and equity.
- I act as an honest broker in collective bargaining.
- I foster constructive dialogue with union leadership through collective bargaining.
- I work with union representatives to create a positive working environment for employees.
Performance/DisciplinePerformance/Discipline in Employee Relations focuses on the proactive and structured management of employee behavior and productivity, including recognition of strong performance and correction of underperformance. It involves setting clear expectations, conducting fair evaluations, and applying disciplinary actions with transparency and due process when necessary. This dimension is primarily manager-initiated, aiming to maintain standards, support growth, and ensure alignment with organizational goals through consistent feedback and accountability.
- I reward good performance.
- I am not afraid to take disciplinary action when needed.
- You evaluate employee performance fairly.
- I am interested in helping the company increase productivity and adjust to marketplace changes.
- You clearly communicate and apply performance evaluations uniformly.
- You discipline employees as necessary.
- You handle disciplinary actions with transparency, proportionality, and respect for due process.
- You use performance bonuses to help ensure that employees feel valued.
- You deal effectively with employees who may be difficult to work with.
- I address performance issues sooner rather than later.
- You give employees due process in the event disciplinary actions are taken.
GrievancesGrievances in Employee Relations refer to formal, structured complaints raised by employees--often involving violations of policy, contract terms, or perceived unfair treatment. This dimension emphasizes the impartial administration of established procedures designed to ensure fairness, consistency, and resolution through documented channels. Grievance handling is typically reactive, triggered by specific incidents, and requires adherence to timelines, protocols, and outcomes that reflect organizational accountability and legal compliance.
- You follow the grievance procedures.
- You are effective in handling grievance procedures and resolving disputes.
- I create a grievance process that is efficient and does not waste time or resources.
- I implement the grievance process in a way that is fair and equitable.
- You handle grievance processes in a way that is impartial and leads to fair outcomes.
- You resolve workplace disagreements with fairness, respect, and attention to differing viewpoints.
ConflictsConflicts encompass a broader range of interpersonal or operational disagreements that may arise informally between individuals, teams, or departments. This dimension focuses on proactive resolution through open dialogue, empathy, and collaborative problem-solving, often before issues escalate into formal grievances. Conflict management is more fluid and relational, emphasizing mutual understanding, shared accountability, and constructive engagement to maintain a respectful and cohesive work environment.
- I resolve disagreements with consideration for both sides.
- I easily resolve conflicts in the department.
- I resolve conflicts through structured processes that emphasize understanding, compromise, and shared accountability.
- I am good at defusing situations before they become serious problems.
- I facilitate resolution of disagreements by acknowledging and balancing the interests of all stakeholders.
- You effectively resolve employee problems and labor issues.
- I foster a culture where disagreements are addressed respectfully and resolved collaboratively.
- I resolve workplace issues fairly and quickly.
- I resolve conflicts in a positive and constructive manner.
- I use feedback from all involved parties to guide conflict resolution decisions.
- You consistently encourage open dialogue and ensure all parties feel heard during conflict resolution.
- You address conflicts through processes that consider the perspectives and needs of all parties involved.
Job Interview Questions
Communication
- Explain how you would ensure that employees are well informed about any changes.
- In your previous position, how did you maintain good communication with employees?
- How could you do to ensure that employees feel safe and empowered to share candid, detailed feedback to the company?
- Have you communicated regularly with employees?
- Do you hold quarterly and annual gatherings to keep everyone up-to-date?
- Give an example of how you were open to hearing from all sides before making a decision.
- As a new manager, how would you ensure that procedural changes are communicated in advance and implemented with employee input?
Appreciative and Respectful
- How do you value employee input?
- Are you able to are committed to the success of employees?
- Are employees a valuable asset of the company? How would you demonstrate this?
- Give an example of how you have appreciated and valued the work by employees in the department.
- Do you treat staff with impartiality and empathy in day-to-day management decisions?
- Would you be an advocate for employees and look out for their best interests? How?
- Have you appreciated the work of others? Give examples.
- Describe how you would appreciate the work of staff/employees.
Working Relationships
- Give an example of how you helped labor and management pull together toward the same objectives.
- Did you work with employees toward the same goals?
- In your previous position, how did you create a good working relationships between management and employee representatives?
- Did you work with employees to obtain win-win resolutions?
- Can you commit to ensuring labor and management work together?
- As a new manager, how would you foster an environment where employees try to be helpful to one another?
- Explain how you would listen to employee suggestions on how to improve various aspects of the work.
- Are you able to facilitate labor and management working together to achieve the company vision? How would you do that?
- Give an example of how you acted in ways that reflected our shared values and organizational priorities.
Trust
- In your previous position, how did you trust team members to manage their time, priorities, and resources in alignment with the overall department goals?
- In your previous position, did you create an atmosphere of mutual trust among employees in the department?
- Can you create a workplace where employee relations are built on trust, fairness, and equality?
- Describe how you would secure trust in the decisions and actions make by employees.
- In your previous position, what did you do to ensure that the decisions you made decisions were trusted by the employees?
- Would your coworkers say that you make leadership decisions that are guide by a clear long-term vision and ground in organizational values? What examples can you provide to show this?
- Share an example from your previous position, in which you worked to ensure that management and labor trusted each other.
- How would you demonstrate transparency and strategic alignment to help employees trust leadership decisions?
- Do you have a mutual trust and respect for employees?
- Do you consistently demonstrate trust, cooperation, and share accountability?
- How do you create clarity and trust in goal-setting?
- Do you entrust employees with important responsibilities? Which ones? Give examples.
Fairness/Equity
- Do you engage employees with equitable treatment and respectful consideration?
- Do you treat employees and coworkers fairly and with respect?
- Give an example of how you would treat employees at the company equally and with respect.
- Do you consistently demonstrate impartiality and respect in managing employee relations?
- Did you treat employees fairly?
- Give an example of how you are committed to treating employees fairly.
- Are you able to treat staff fairly and with thoughtfulness?
- How do you maintain fair and equitable treatment in all aspects of employee relations?
- Have you treated employees fairly in the department? Did any employees feel otherwise?
- Give an example of how you demonstrated a balance of fairness, respect, and attentiveness to employee well-being.
- Give an example of how you have treated team members with respect, empathy, and professionalism in daily interactions.
- How would you conduct employee relations in a fair and equitable manner?
- Give examples of how you built trust by treating employees with fairness, dignity, and genuine consideration?
Interactions
- Give an example of how you demonstrated fairness and thoughtfulness in interactions with staff.
- If hired, how would you demonstrate consistent fairness and equity in interactions with union representatives?
- Are your interactions with others guided by principles of equity, respect, and care? Elaborate on this.
- Describe how you would show fairness and respect in your interactions with employees.
- Describe how you would maintain positive interactions between members of the team.
- Would your coworkers say that your interactions are guided by principles of fairness, transparency, and equality? What examples would they give to support this?
- Did you have good interactions with employees in your previous position?
Support
- Have you given employees the support they needed to do their jobs?
- How would you invite employees to co-create solutions and take ownership of implementation plans?
- In your previous position, what tools, training, and resources did you provide to employees to help them succeed in their roles?
- Did you recognize individual strengths and tailor support to help employees grow professionally?
- Describe how you would collaborate effectively with other employees, valuing each of their contributions and perspectives.
- Do you offer employees flexibility and accommodations when needed?
- As a new manager, how would you advocate for teams and remove barriers that hinder performance or morale? Explain.
- How would you give employees full support?
- How did you create an environment where employees feel comfortable seeking help or offering feedback to their peers?
Procedural Fairness
- If hired, how would you create fair hiring and promotions processes?
- As a new manager, how would you make sure that promotions are awarded fairly?
- How did you implement employee relations practices to reflect fairness and equity across all levels?
- Did you address employee concerns through processes that upheld fairness, consistency, and equity?
- Give an example of how you used procedural fairness as a core value in both day-to-day operations and strategic decisions.
- Are you able to regularly audit and review procedures to identify and correct potential biases or inconsistencies? What steps would you take?
- As a new manager, how would you create hiring panels and promotion committees that reflect diverse perspectives and follow standardized criteria?
- As a new manager, how would you ensure employees apply company policies consistently across teams, roles, and departments to ensure equitable treatment?
- Can you ensure employees understand how decisions are made and trust that procedures are follow without favoritism?
Autonomy and Decision-Making
- Give an example of how you involved employees in decisions regarding implementation of employee development initiatives.
- How can you empower employees to make day-to-day decisions without excessive oversight or micromanagement?
- Have you sought input and consent from employees before implementing major changes?
- As a new manager, how would you give employees the autonomy to make decisions and take actions as needed?
- Would you encourage employees to take the initiative and experiment with new approaches to improve outcomes?
- Describe how you would allow employees to work independently when necessary.
- In your previous position, did you give employees the latitude to tailor their workflows and problem-solving strategies to suit their strengths?
- In your previous position, have you delegated meaningful responsibilities and trust employees to make decisions within their areas of expertise?
- Give an example of how you would delegate responsibilities to employees.
- When could you encourage employees to participate in the decision-making process?
- Did you provide guidance and support while allowing employees the freedom to execute tasks independently?
- In your previous position, did you support self-directed work, allowing teams to set goals and determine the best path to achieve them?
- Do you delegate responsibilities to employees? Give examples.
Human Resources
- Can you provide assistance to employees when they have personnel problem?
- Did you consult with HR or legal before making decisions that may carry legal risk? Give examples.
- Share an example from your previous position, in which you ensured employees received the training they needed to perform well on the job.
- Can you implement a new employee orientation that supports a smooth integration into the company's values, norms, and workplace expectations?
- Do you use structured onboarding to give employees clarity on company values, behavioral expectations, and team dynamics?
- Would you answer questions on behalf of the Human Resources department?
- Share an example from your previous position, in which you provided employees with training necessary to help their career advancement in the company.
- Did you provide employees with a clear and easy to read employee handbook?
Accessibility of Management
- Do you have monthly meetings to discuss and address issues in the workplace?
- Did you hold huddles at the beginning of the shift to ensure potential issues are addressed?
- Did you regularly invite employees to share their perspective on company leadership and to suggest ways leadership could better support them?
- Are you approachable if coworkers/employees have a problem?
- Are you proactive in seeking employee feedback on the effectiveness of company leadership?
- Do you actively check in with employees to ensure workloads are manageable and expectations are clear?
- Are you someone that coworkers/employees can go to if they have a problem?
- Did you host labor and management meetings regularly to discuss important issues?
- Share an example from your previous position, in which you spoke with each employee to listen to their concerns and suggestions.
- Give an example of how you were in regular contact with employees.
- Explain how you are approachable and responsive when employees raise concerns or request assistance.
Strategies and Policies
- Do you implement administrative policies fairly across the organization?
- When would you include employees in strategic planning?
- Do you consistently prioritize the organization's mission, sustainability, and strategic goals?
- Could you demonstrate foresight by integrating sustainability, innovation, and workforce trends into policy development?
- How did you ensure that employees in the department were aware of the company's mission and strategies for achieving success?
- In your previous position, did you regularly review and update policies to ensure relevance, fairness, and alignment with industry best practices?
- Share an example from your previous position, in which you supported employees who worked remotely. What kind of support did you provide?
- How would you design policies with employee input? Would those policies reflect a balance between operational efficiency and workforce well-being?
- Can you anticipate future challenges and proactively adapt policies to meet evolving needs?
Legal/Regulatory
- Explain how you would report workplace injuries and follow proper incident protocols.
- Would you honor all provisions of the employment contracts?
- If hired, how would you abide by all OSHA regulations?
- How would you ensure employment decisions are consistent with federal, state, and local labor laws?
- Do you have a basic understanding of the laws and regulations regarding employment and work?
- Do you follow the eeo regulations closely?
- In your previous position, have you reported known or suspected problems to the compliance department?
- How do you stay informed about changes in employment legislation? Do you adjust practices accordingly?
Employee Engagement
- Do you support the interests of the employee?
- Can you foster a strong sense of camaraderie and mutual support among team members?
- How did you demonstrate hands-on leadership? Did you motivate department staff to strive for excellence in their daily tasks?
- Can you ensure employees are committed to the success of the company?
- Could you build strong working relationships that enhance morale, productivity, and retention?
- Do you actively engage with department employees to support and motivate them in delivering their best work each day?
Working Conditions
- Are you able to support flexible scheduling or remote work arrangements to accommodate employee needs and improve work-life balance?
- Share an example from your previous position, in which you identified and mitigated safety risks in the workplace.
- Do you encourage coworkers to speak freely about issues with the work environment?
- How would you ensure break areas, restrooms, and share spaces are well-maintained and conducive to employee well-being?
- Did you partner with union representatives or employee committees to develop initiatives that enhance working conditions?
- Give an example of how you collaborated with facilities and safety teams to maintain clean, functional, and hazard-free workspaces.
- Do you ensure the department has adequate staffing to meet its needs?
- How can you proactively monitor workload distribution to prevent burnout and ensure equitable task assignments?
- Explain how you would support ergonomic and wellness initiatives that align with OSHA standards.
- Are you able to establish good employment conditions and work environment?
- Did you respond promptly to environmental concerns such as temperature, lighting, noise, or workspace layout that affected employee comfort and productivity?
Collective Bargaining
- Do you value the partnership with unions and seek mutually beneficial outcomes?
- Do you enable the union and management to form a partnership within the organization?
- How would you foster a collaborative and just relationship with union representatives, grounded in transparency and equity?
- What steps do you take to maintain the formal labor relations which are governed by collective bargaining?
- Give an example of how you worked with union representatives to create a positive working environment for employees.
- Describe how you would work with the union representatives in a fair and equitable manner.
- Share an example from your previous position, in which you collaborated with union representatives in ways that reflected mutual respect and equitable treatment.
- Did you participate in collective bargaining with labor unions?
- Do you recognize the union's right to bargain on behalf of employees at the company?
- How can you foster constructive dialogue with union leadership through collective bargaining?
- Share an example from your previous position, in which you engaged with union representatives in a manner that upheld fairness and equity.
- Did you act as an honest broker in collective bargaining?
Performance/Discipline
- Do you give employees due process in the event disciplinary actions are taken?
- Explain how you would handle disciplinary actions with transparency, proportionality, and respect for due process.
- Share an example from your previous position, in which you dealt effectively with employees who were difficult to work with.
- How do you reward employees who have good performance?
- In your previous position, how have you helped the company increase productivity and adjust to marketplace changes?
- Give an example of how you would use performance bonuses to help ensure that employees feel valued.
- Explain how you would discipline employees.
- Would your employees say that you evaluated their performance fairly?
- Do you address performance issues sooner rather than later? Give an example of this.
- In your previous position, did you clearly communicate and apply performance evaluations uniformly?
- In your previous position, did you take disciplinary action when needed?
Grievances
- Did you create a grievance process that was efficient and did not waste time or resources?
- Are you effective in handling grievance procedures and resolving disputes?
- In your previous position, did you implement the grievance process in a way that was fair and equitable?
- Explain how you would handle grievance processes in a way that is impartial and leads to fair outcomes.
- In your previous position, how did you follow the grievance procedures?
- Give an example of how you would resolve workplace disagreements with fairness, respect, and attention to differing viewpoints.
Conflicts
- Can you easily resolve conflicts in the department?
- Describe how you would resolve conflicts in a positive and constructive manner.
- In your previous position, how did you effectively resolve employee problems and labor issues?
- Share an example from your previous position, in which you were good at defusing situations before they became serious problems.
- Explain how you would encourage open dialogue and ensure all parties felt heard during conflict resolution.
- Did you facilitate resolution of disagreements? Did you acknowledge and balance the interests of all stakeholders?
- Do you resolve workplace issues fairly and quickly?
- When would you resolve conflicts through structured processes that emphasizes understanding, compromise, and shared accountability?
- Give an example of how you addressed conflicts through processes that considered the perspectives and needs of all parties involved.
- If needed, can you foster a culture where disagreements are addressed respectfully and resolved collaboratively?
- Could you use feedback from all involved parties to guide conflict resolution decisions?
- In your previous position, how did you resolve disagreements with consideration for both sides?